Group+6+Elements

__** Chalcogens **__ __** Group 6 Elements **__ __** “Oxygen Group" **__ By: Kayla Fattell, Paige Gale, and Erika D'Ippolito
 * **Includes 6 elements:**
 * **Oxygen (O)**
 * **Sulfur (S)**
 * **Selenium (Se)**
 * **Tellurium (Te)**
 * **Polonium (Po)**
 * **Livermorium (Lv)**
 * **The first five discovered between 1829-1898**
 * **Livermorium was created by man in 2000**
 * **Chalcogen means “ore-former”; these elements are associated with metal-bearing minerals.**
 * **They form ions with a -2 charge.**


 * Oxygen **
 * Oxygen is a nonmetal that is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
 * It is the most common element found on Earth and used by every living organism.
 * Its electron configuration is [He]2s 2 2p 4 and is very electronegative, therefore easily attracting and gaining electrons.
 * It is also very reactive and forms compounds with nearly every other element.
 * Its abundance is huge in the world; it is 20% of the air, 46% of the crust, and 89% of the water.
 * Oxygen’s atomic number is 8, its mass is 16, its boiling point is -182.95C, and its melting point is -218.79C.


 * Sulfur **
 * Sulfur is a nonmetal that is a brittle solid, that is usually pale yellow and tasteless.
 * Other than pure sulfur, it has a very strong, distinguishable odor.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is the tenth most abundant source, found in underground sources such as, wells and natural gas and petroleum crudes.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sulfur is very reactive and forms many compounds, like carbon sulfate, ammonium sulfide, and sulfur dioxide.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sulfur is used for many different reasons; it is a component in gun powder and some fertilizers, used to bleach dried fruits, and it is also a good insulator.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The electron configuration is [Ne]3s <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3p <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sulfur’s atomic number is 16, its mass is 32, its boiling point is 444.60C, and its melting point is 119.6C.




 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Selenium **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Selenium is the last nonmetal in group 6A. It’s a dark colored, normally black or grey solid.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Selenium’s atomic number is 34 and it has a mass of 78.96.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Its melting point is 493K and its boiling point is 958K.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Selenium’s electron configuration is [Ar]3d104S24p4
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It got its name from Greek word selene meaning moon.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is usually found as selenide SE2- or sulfide S2-.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Selenium is a good conductor of electricity when light is present
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This element can be toxic at more than 5 mg.

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 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tellurium **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tellurium is the only metalloid of group 6A.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It can be found as a silvery solid in various ores. However it can not be found alone.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Its melting point is 723K and its boiling point is 1263K.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tellurium’s electron configuration is [Kr]4d105s25p4.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The name Tellurium is derived from Latin word tellus which means Earth.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is used to create alloys with stainless steel and copper to increase machinability.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tellurium is also very toxic. If it is exposed to as little as 0.01 mg/m2.
 * <span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tellurium is a semiconductor material and is slightly photosensitive.




 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Polonium **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Polonium is a radioactive metal containing a silvery appearance.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This element contains more isotopes than any other element.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The discovery of Polonium was led by the discovery of Radium by Marie Curie.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Polonium is named after the country Poland.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Polonium has been found in tobacco as a contaminant and in uranium ores.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Polonium’s atomic number is 84, its mass is 209, its melting point is 254.0C and its boiling point is at 962.0C.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The electron configuration is <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p4 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.

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 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Livermorium **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Livermorium is a radioactive man-made element created in 2000.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Ununhexium was this elements temporary name until the name Livermorium was chosen by IUPAC.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Named in honor of Lawrence Livermore National Lab and Livermore, CA where many element discoveries were made.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Livermorium was created via nuclear bombardment and has only been produced in minute amounts.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The electron configuration is [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Livermorium’s atomic number is 116, and its mass is 292.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Livermorium is expected to have similar properties to Polonium.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Livermorium is harmful due to its radioactivity.

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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1. Why is this group called chalcogens? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a. All of the elements in the group have high boiling points. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> b. The elements in this group all can be found in ores. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> c. This group has metals, semi-metals and nonmetals <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> d. Oxygen’s other name is chalcogen.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Questions **

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2. What was the last element found and what element was it? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a. 2000, Livermorium <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> b. 2003, Livermorium <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> c. 1898, Oxygen <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> d. 2000, Selenium

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">3. What color is Sulfur normally found as? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a. green <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> b. blue <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> c. bright pink <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> d. pale yellow

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4. What is the only metalloid in group 6A? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a. Silicon <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> b. Tellurium <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> c. Polonium <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> d. Argon

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">5. What was Livermorium’s first name? <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a. Livermorine <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> b. Ununhelium <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> c. Carbon <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> d. Ununhexium


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Works Cited **

"Chalcogen." //Wikipedia//. N.p., 21 2012. Web. 27 Nov 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcogen>.

"Group 16." //Chemical Data//. N.p.. Web. 27 Nov 2012. <http://www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements/pages/data/intro_groupvi_data.html>.

"Group 6A-The Chalcogens." //The Parts of the Periodic Table//. N.p.. Web. 27 Nov 2012. <http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/periodic/periodic_main6.htm >.

"Livermorium." //Chemicool//. N.p.. Web. 27 Nov 2012. <http://www.chemicool.com/elements/livermorium.html>.

"Oxygen Group Element." //Encyclopedia Britannica//. N.p.. Web. 27 Nov 2012. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/436953/oxygen-group-element/81034/Comparison-of-properties>.

"Polonium: The Essentials." //WebElements//. N.p.. Web. 27 Nov 2012. <http://www.webelements.com/polonium/>.

"The Chalcogens." //Chem Topics//. N.p.. Web. 27 Nov 2012. <http://www.chemtopics.com/elements/o-s/o-s.htm>.