Group+3+Elements

=Group 3A Elements: =

Contains Elements with Atomic Number:
-** Boron **- 5 -** Aluminum **- 13 -** Gallium **- 31 -** Indium **- 49 -** Thallium **- 81 -** Ununtrium ** (Unstable, created synthetically)- 113

Common Properties
Common physical properties of group A3 elements include softness and silvery-grey color, although Boron is non metallic. This is because all of the elements in this group except for Boron are poor metals. The atomic radii of this group increase going from Boron down to Thallium. The same applies to the ionic radii, but the ionic radius of each individual element is less than that of its atomic radius (this involves the outer shell valence electrons being absent in ionized form, thus creating a smaller radius). Common chemical properties include a common oxidation state of +3, due to the common property of three valence electrons in the outermost shell. All of the elements in this group form ionic bonds (save for Boron, which forms covalent bonds). Reactivity increases moving down the group. The valence shell of the group 3A elements has a filled **s**- sub level and one electron in a **p-** orbital.



Electron Configurations

 *  Element ||  Symbol ||  Electron Configuration ||
 *  Boron ||  B ||  [He]2s22p1 ||
 *  Aluminum ||  Al ||  [Ne]3s23p1 ||
 *  Gallium ||  Ga ||  [Ar]3d104s24p1 ||
 *  Indium ||  In ||  [Kr]4d105s25p1 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Thallium || <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Tl || <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> [Xe]4f145d106s26p1 ||

<span style="color: #3b26b5; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 160%;">Meet the Elements:

 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Boron- **
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Atomic Number: 5
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Symbol: B
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Atomic Mass: 10.811
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Semi-metallic
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Color: Usually black
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">First isolated in 1808
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Solid at room temperature
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Uses: Metal refining, glass manufacturing, fertilizers, detergents (as borate salts), an insecticide (as boric acid)
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Aluminum- **
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Atomic Number: 5
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Symbol: Al
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Atomic Mass: 26.98
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Metallic
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Color: Silvery
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">First isolated in 1825
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Solid at room temperature
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Uses: Practically everything. Often in an alloy with other metals, used for electrical wire, cans, foil, airplanes, siding.
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Third most abundant element in Earth's crust by mass (First and second are Oxygen and Silicon, respectively) and the most abundant metal
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Aluminum is actually highly reactive- Although it can not be seen, aluminum foil is covered in a small layer of Aluminum oxide

<span style="color: #2a3556; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">^ <span style="color: #263d96; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;"> Hans Christian <span style="color: #263d96; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%;">Ørsted, discoverer of Aluminum


 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Gallium- **
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Atomic Number: 31
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Symbol: Ga
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Atomic Mass: 69.72
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Metallic
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Color: Silvery-white
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Discovered in 1875, but predicted by Mendeleev in 1871
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Solid at room temperature, but melts at slightly above
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Uses: Computer circuits, LEDs
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Gallium is one of the few metals that can be a liquid near room temperature, and is used in some high temperature thermometers
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Indium- **
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Atomic Number: 49
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Symbol: In
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Atomic Mass: 114.82
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Metallic
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Color: Silvery grey
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Discovered in 1863
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Solid at room temperature
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Uses: As an alloy to lower the melting point of other metals
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Canada produces the world's main supply of Indium
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Thallium- **
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Atomic Number: 81
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Symbol: Tl
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Atomic Mass: 204.38
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Metallic
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Color: Silvery white
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Discovered in 1861, isolated in 1852
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Solid at room temperature
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Highly toxic, a known carcinogen
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Thallium oxidizes in air, resulting in a bluish tinge
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Ununtrium- **
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Atomic Number: 113
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Symbol: Uut
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Atomic Mass: 284
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Metallic
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Color: unknown
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Discovered in 2004
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Most likely solid at room temperature
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">No uses known, but highly unstable
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Synthesized in labs, not found in nature
 * <span style="color: #562a2d; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Ununtrium emits alpha radiation

<span style="color: #2a6925; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Other Elemental Information

__ Multiple Choice Questions: __

1.) Which group 3A element is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust? a. Indium  b. Gallium  c. Aluminum  d. Boron  2.) Which group 3A element is a known carcinogen? a. Thallium b. Gallium c. Ununtrium d. Chromium 3.) Which is the common oxidation state for the group 3A elements? a. +4  b. -3  c. +2  d. +3  4.) Which element of the 3A group is the only non-metal? a. Aluminum b. Gallium c. Carbon d. Boron 5.) The radius of an Aluminum atom is __ the radius of an Aluminum ion. a. …less than…  b. …greater than…  c. …the same size as…  d. Aluminum bonds covalently <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;">

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;">Works Cited

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Boudreux, Kevin. "Group 3A." Mr. Kevin A. Boudreux: Instructor, Department of Chemistry, Angelo State University, San Angelo, Texas. Angelo State University. Web. 21 Nov 2012. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> <[]>.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">"Home of the Periodic Table." Periodic Table of the Elements by WebElements. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"><[]>.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">"Visual Elements: Group 13." chemsoc: the RSC's chemical science network. Royal Society of Chemistry. Web. 21 Nov 2012. <[]>.